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    A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…



    L1.19 A/V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to, (2) because (of)/ so that…

    1. V-아/어서 grammar = (1) and/ (in order) to

    Usage:
    - Indicate the temporal relationship between 2 events that are closely related (the 2nd action can’t occur without the 1st action) = ‘and’ / ‘(in order) to’ in English.
    - 서 is often omitted from -아/어서, excepting for some verbs 
    e.g. 가다 (to go) , 오다 (to come), 서다 (to stand)
    - Tense is expressed only in the 2nd verb, not the 1st verb.
    - The subject of both verbs must be the same.

    Word conversion:

    1. Verb ending with vowel ㅏ and ㅗ + 아서:
    가다 -- 가서  ;  사다 -- 사서  ; 팔다 -- 팔아서
    만나다 -- 만나서 ; 앉다 -- 앉아서 ; 닦다 -- 닦아서

    2. Verb ending with the other vowels + 어서:
    만들다 -- 만들어서 ; 씻다 -- 씻어서
    먹다 -- 먹어서 ; *마시다 -- 마셔서
    *쓰다 -- 써서  ; *굽다 -- 구워서
    (*) irregular form

    3. 하다 verb → 해서:
    결혼하다 -- 결혼해서 ; 공부하다 -- 공부해서
    요리하다 -- 요리해서 ; 일하다 -- 일해서

    Examples:

    1. 바나나를 까서 먹었어요.
    I peeled a banana and ate it.

    2. 여자 친구에게 꽃을 사(서) 주었어요.
    I bought some flowers for my girlfriend and gave them to her.

    3. 내일 친구를 만나서 같이 커피를 마실 거예요.
    Tomorrow I will meet my friend and drink coffee together.

    4. 왜 사과를 깎지 않고 먹어요?
    - 사과를 깎아서 먹으면 맛이 없어요.
    Why do you eat apples without peeling them?
    - It is not tasty if you peel and eat.

    5. 왜 아르바이트를 해요?
    - 돌을 벌어서 카메라를 설 거예요.
    Why are you doing part-time job?
    - I plan to earn some money (in order) to buy a camera.

    6. 오늘 퇴근 후에 뭐 할 거예요?
    - 노래방에 가서 노래할 거예요.
    What will you do after the work today?
    - I will go to the karaoke and sing.




    Comparison between V-고 grammar and V-아/어서 grammar :

    1. They have the same meaning = “and” in English. But V-아/어서 grammar is used when the 2 actions are closely related, while V-고 grammar is used to connect two unrelated actions that happen sequentially.

    과일을 씻어서 (그 과일을) 먹어요.
    I wash the fruit and eat (the fruit).
    과일을 씻고 (다른 음식을) 먹어요.
    I wash the fruit and eat (something else)

    2. When verbs designate the wearing of clothes and accessories, V-고 is used instead of V-아/어서

    사람들이 우산을 쓰고 가요.
    People are putting up their umbrellas and going.
    네가 안경을 쓰고 책을 봐요.
    I wear glasses and read books.



    2. A/V-아/어서 grammar = (2) because (of), so that…

    Usage:
    - Indicate the reason for the succeeding event  = “because (of)” / “so that…” in English
    - Can not be used in imperative or propositive sentences (e.g. 3-5)
    - Tense markers such as -았/었- and -겠- can not come before -아/어서 (e.g. 6)

    Word conversion:

    1. A/V ending with vowel ㅏ and ㅗ + 아서:
    좁다 -- 좁아서 ; 살다 -- 살아서

    2. A/V ending with the other vowels + 어서:
    있다 -- 있어서 ; 길다 -- 길어서 ;
    *춥다 -- 추워서 ; *듣다 -- 들어서 ; *바쁘다 -- 바빠서

    3. A/V-하다 → A/V-해서:
    날씬하다 -- 날씬해서 ;  청소하다 -- 청소해서


    Examples:

    1. 만나서 반갑습니다.
    Nice to meet you.

    2. 늦어서 죄송합니다.
    I am sorry for arriving late.

    3. 이 신발은 커서 다른 신발을 보여 주세요. (wrong) → 이 신발은 크니까 다른 신발을 보여 주세요.
    These shoes are big, so please show me different ones.

    4. 오늘 약속이 있어서 내일 만날까요? (wrong) → 오늘 약속이 있으니까 내일 만날까요?
    I have a appointment today, so how about meeting tomorrow?

    5. 이게 좋아서 이걸로 삽시다. (wrong) → 이게 좋으니까 이걸로 삽시다.
    I like this one, so let’s buy it.

    6. 밥을 많이 먹었어서 배가 아파요. (wrong) → 밥을 많이 먹어서 배가 아파요.
    I ate a lot so that my stomach hurts.

    7. 이번 주말에 시간이 있어요?
    - 고향에 돌아가서 시간이 없어요
    Do you have time this weekend?
    - I will go back to my hometown so that I don't have time.

    8. 이 옷을 왜 안 입어요?
    - 그 옷은 작아서 못 입어요.
    Why don't you wear these clothes?
    - Those clothes are small so that I can't wear them.

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