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    N도, 만, 밖에 addition, selection, and exception particles in Korean = too, only, only (negative)


    L1.12 N도, N만, N밖에 addition, selection, and exception particles in Korean = also/too, only/just, only/nothing but

    1. N도 particle = ‘also’ or ‘too’ in English

    Usage:
    - Express listing or addition of subject or object mentioned previously =  ‘also’ or ‘too’ in English
    - Subject and object particles (은/는 and 을/를) are omitted when 도 is added.
    - When 도 is added to particles other than subject and object particles, the particles are remained. (E.g. 에도, 에서도, 에게도…)

    Noun(은/는/을/를) + 도: (omit 은/는/을/를)

    1. 나는 한국 사람입니다. 친구도 한국 사람입니다.
    I am a Korean. My friend is also a Korean.

    2. 아버지는 키가 커요. 저도 키가 커요.
    My father is tall. I am tall too.

    3. 나는 사과를 좋아해요. 그리고 딸기도 좋아해요.
    I like Apple.  And I also like strawberry

    Noun (other than 은/는/을/를) + 도:

    1. 일본에 친구가 있어요. 미국에도 친구가 있어요.
    I have a friend in Japan, and in USA too.

    2. 친구에게 선물을 주었어요. 동생에게도 선물을 주었어요.
    I gave a present to my friend. And to my younger brother too.


    Examples:

    1. 오늘 점심은 무엇을 먹을 거예요?
    - 비빔밥을 먹을 거예요. 그리고 소고기도 먹을 거예요.
    What will you eat in today lunch?
    - I will have bibimbap.  And pulgogi too.

    2. 어제 생일 파티에 누가 왔어요?
    - 토니 씨가 왔어요. 그리고 앤디 씨도 왔어요.
    Who came to the birthday party yesterday?
    - Tony came. And Andy came too.




    2. N만 particle = ‘only’ or ‘just’ in English

    Usage :
    - Express the selection of 1 thing excluding others = 'only' or 'just' in English.
    - When used after number = ‘minimum’ (e.g. 5분만 = just 5 min)
    - 만 can be used in the place of the particles 은/는/이/가/을/를 or used together with them. 만 stays before the particle → 만이, 만은 , 만을.
    - 만 can be used with other particles,  but staying after the particles → 에서만, 에게만, 까지만…

    Noun + 만 :
    1. 그 식당은 월요일만 쉬어요.
    That restaurant is only close on Monday.

    2. 우리 아이는 하루 종일 게임만 해요.
    Our kid just plays game the whole day.

    3. 마크는 만화책만 읽어요./ 만화책만을 읽어요.
    Mark only read comic books.

    4. 우리 딸은 학교에서만 공부하고 집에서는 공부하지 않아요.
    Our daughter studies only at school and doesn't study at home.

    5. 민아 씨에게만 선물을 줬어요.
    I gave a present just to Mina.

    Examples :

    1. 학생들이 다 왔어요?
    - 마크 씨만 안 왔어요. 다른 학생들은 다 왔어요.
    Have all students come?
    - Only Mark hasn't come yet. Other students all came.

    2. 커피에 설탕과 크림을 다 넣으세요?
    - 설탕만 넣어 주세요.
    Do you take both sugar and cream in your coffee?
    - Just sugar, please.

    3. 화장실에 가겠어요. 5분만 기다려 주세요.
    I will go to the toilet. Please wait me for 5 minutes.


    3. N밖에 particle = ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’ in English

    Usage :
    - Express that only 1 thing or option is available, no other things else. = ‘only’ or ‘nothing but’
    - Must use in negative form (except for 아니다)

    Noun + 밖에 (ending in negative form):

    1. 안 /지 않다:
    사과가 한 개밖에 안 남았어요.
    There’s only 1 Apple left.

    2. 못/ 지 못하다:
    선물을 한 개밖에 못 받았어요.
    I can only receive one present.

    3. 없어요:
    돈이 1000 원밖에 없어요.
    I only have 1000 won left.
    음식이 조금밖에 없어요.
    There’s only a little food left.

    4. 몰라요:
    한국어는 ‘안녕하세요’랑 ‘감사합니다’밖에 몰라요.
    I only know to say ‘hello’ and ‘thank you’ in Korean.

    Examples :

    1. 그 책이 많이 읽었어요?
    - 어려워서 세 쪽밖에 못 읽었어요.
    Did you read much of that book?
    - It’s difficult, so I can only read 3 pages.

    2. 파티에 사람들이 많이 왔어요?
    - 20명 초대했어요. 그런데 10명밖에 안 왔어요.
    Did many people come to the party?
    - I invited 20 people but only 10 came.

    3. 시간이 얼마나남았어요?
    10분밖에 안 남았어요.
    How much time is left?
    - Just 10 min remaining.

    4. 반에 여학생이 많아요?
    - 여학생은 1명밖에 없어요.
    Are there many female students in the class?
    - Only 1 person.

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